Spotlighting Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) in Children: Signs, Symptoms, and Support
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that affects how the brain receives and responds to sensory information, leading to struggles with processing sensory inputs, making everyday activities challenging. Whether it’s being hypersensitive to noise, struggling with certain textures, or finding bright environments overwhelming, the impact of this can make simple tasks feel impossible. It can be associated with one or more senses, and the way it affects children can vary greatly.
Although sensory processing difficulties are widely recognised, Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is not currently a formal diagnosis in the UK, and there is ongoing debate among professionals about whether it should be. Some argue that sensory challenges can occur on their own and deserve recognition as a standalone condition, while others feel there isn’t enough evidence yet to support this. Sensory differences are, however, recognised within the DSM-5 as part of the diagnostic criteria for Autism and many autistic individuals experience significant sensory issues that can impact daily life.
For many autistic children and young people, sensory sensitivities can be one of the first noticeable signs of being autistic, and these differences can have a significant impact on how they experience the world, influencing their behaviour, emotions, and daily life.
In this blog, we’ll explore signs, symptoms and practical tips on how you can support your child through these sensory challenges.
Understanding the 7 Senses in Sensory Processing Disorder
Children will encounter sensory challenges differently, often involving multiple senses. Most people are familiar with the five basic senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. But did you know there are two additional senses related to balance and spatial awareness?
- Vestibular Processing involves difficulties with balance and coordination. This may affect walking, running, or even riding a bike.
- Proprioception relates to how the body interacts with space, people, and the environment. Children with SPD often struggle to process information from their muscles and joints.
Signs of Sensory Processing Disorder in Children
Children with sensory difficulties can either be hyposensitive (under-sensitive) or hypersensitive (over-sensitive) to sensory inputs. These two responses can manifest in very different ways, affecting how a child interacts with the world around them.
Hyposensitive Responses
Children with hyposensitivity may underreact to sensory stimuli. They might seem disengaged or uninterested in their surroundings or actively seek out intense sensory experiences. Here are some common signs:
- Difficulty sitting still
- Frequently touching people or objects, often unaware of personal space
- Seeking out thrilling activities like jumping, spinning, or climbing
- Challenges with sleep
- Chewing on objects, such as clothing
- Poor hygiene awareness (e.g., not noticing a dirty face or runny nose)
Hypersensitive Responses
Children with hypersensitivity can become easily overwhelmed by sensory input. Bright lights, loud sounds, or certain textures might feel unbearable to them. Look out for these signs:
- Oversensitivity to clothing, particularly labels or scratchy fabrics
- Frequently complaining about lights being too bright or sounds being too loud
- Struggles with certain food textures or strong flavours, leading to gagging
- Avoiding playground equipment like swings or slides
- Overreacting to gentle touches
- Difficulty with balance or fine motor skills, such as holding a pencil
What’s Happening in the Brain?
When a child has sensory difficulties, much of their time is spent in what we call the primitive brain. The amygdala, which is responsible for responding to perceived danger, is often in overdrive, creating a heightened state of anxiety. This can result in frequent emotional outbursts or difficulty coping with sensory stimuli.
Children often struggle to access their rational brain, where logical thinking occurs. This disconnect can make it harder for them to manage challenging situations, leading to a cycle of stress that continues to fill their emotional “stress bucket.”
How to Support Your Child
There are several strategies that can help your child better cope with sensory difficulties and reduce the anxiety associated with sensory overload. Here are some practical tips to get started:
1. Build Self-Esteem
Helping your child feel confident in their abilities can make a big difference in how they handle sensory challenges. Encourage them to celebrate their achievements, no matter how small, and recognise their unique strengths. Positive reinforcement can go a long way in building resilience.
2. Identify and Reduce Sensory Stimuli
Take time to identify the sensory inputs that trigger your child’s discomfort, and wherever possible, reduce or eliminate these stressors. For example, if bright lights are overwhelming, use softer lighting at home. Create sensory-friendly environments that help your child feel safe and comfortable.
3. Develop a Relaxation Routine
Establishing a regular relaxation routine can help your child manage stress and anxiety. Use apps or guided relaxation audios designed specifically for children. Encourage your child to find what works best for them, whether it’s fidget toys, quiet spaces, or deep breathing exercises.
4. Improve Sleep Habits
A good night’s sleep is essential for processing stress. Develop a consistent bedtime routine to help your child get the rest they need. Sleep allows the brain to process emotions and empty their stress bucket through REM sleep, making it easier to handle challenges the next day.
Conclusion
Sensory processing difficulties may present many challenges for your child, but with the right support and strategies, you can help them navigate the world in a way that feels safe and manageable. By identifying their triggers, building their confidence, and creating a sensory-friendly environment, you’ll empower your child to overcome sensory overload and thrive.
